Common grammar errors

Edit structure first#

Grammar checking is more reliable when you inspect structure before polishing individual words. Locate each clause, underline its subject and finite verb, and identify how the clauses connect.

Fragments and run-ons#

A fragment lacks an independent clause: “Because the instructions were clear.” Complete the thought: “Because the instructions were clear, the task was easier.”

A run-on joins independent clauses without suitable punctuation or a connector. Repair “The lesson ended we started the quiz” with a full stop, semicolon, or comma plus a coordinating conjunction.

Agreement and reference#

Ignore interrupting phrases when matching subject and verb: “The list of topics is complete.” Then check each pronoun. In “When Sara spoke to Hina, she was ready,” she may be ambiguous. Repeat the name or rewrite the sentence.

Misplaced modifiers#

Put a modifier beside what it describes. “Walking to class, the rain began” incorrectly suggests that the rain was walking. Write “Walking to class, I noticed the rain begin.”

Comparisons and parallel structure#

Compare like with like. “This lesson is clearer than the old website” compares a lesson with a website. Use “clearer than the lesson on the old website.”

Items in a series should share a form: “to read, practise, and review” or “reading, practising, and reviewing.”

A practical editing routine#

1. Check clause boundaries.
2. Match subjects and verbs.
3. Trace pronouns to clear antecedents.
4. Move modifiers beside their targets.
5. Read lists and comparisons for parallel meaning.

Avoid overcorrection#

Not every conversational expression is an error. Match the level of formality to the purpose, but keep meaning clear and relationships unambiguous.